타이타늄 (Ti)

발견 과정

발견: 1791 · William Gregor

1791년 영국 아마추어 지질학자이자 목사인William Gregor는 강가의 하천에서 타이타늄을 발견하고 ‘Manaccanite’로 명명하였다. 1795년 독일의Martin H. Klaproth가Rutile(금홍석)에서 타이타늄을 따로 추출해 ‘Titan’으로 명명하였다. 1797년 두 사람이 발견한 원소가 동일한 것으로 밝혀졌으며 영국에서는 ‘Titanium’ 독일에서는 ‘Titan’ 이라고 표기한다.

용도와 활용

Titanium is the ninth-most abundant element in Earth's crust (0.63% by mass) and the seventh-most abundant metal. It is present as oxides in most igneous rocks, in sediments derived from them, in living things, and natural bodies of water. Of the 801 types of igneous rocks analyzed by the United States Geological Survey, 784 contained titanium. Its proportion in soils is approximately 0.5–1.5%. Common titanium-containing minerals are anatase, brookite, ilmenite, perovskite, rutile, and titanite (sphene). Akaogiite is an extremely rare mineral consisting of titanium dioxide. Of these minerals, only rutile and ilmenite have economic importance, yet even they are difficult to find in high concentrations. About 6.0 and 0.7 million tonnes of those minerals were mined in 2011, respectively. Significant titanium-bearing ilmenite deposits exist in Australia, Canada, China, India, Mozambique, New

동위원소

Naturally occurring titanium is composed of five stable isotopes: 46Ti, 47Ti, 48Ti, 49Ti, and 50Ti, with 48Ti being the most abundant (73.8% natural abundance). Twenty-three radioisotopes have been characterized, the most stable of which are 44Ti with a half-life of 63 years; 45Ti, 184.8 minutes; 51Ti, 5.76 minutes; and 52Ti, 1.7 minutes. All other radioactive isotopes have half-lives less than 33 seconds, with the majority less than half a second. The isotopes of titanium range from 39Ti to 66Ti. The primary decay mode for isotopes lighter than 46Ti is positron emission (with the exception of 44Ti, which undergoes electron capture), leading to isotopes of scandium, and the primary mode for isotopes heavier than 50Ti is beta emission, leading to isotopes of vanadium. Titanium becomes radioactive upon bombardment with deuterons, emitting mainly positrons and hard gamma rays.